Pronouns and address
Pronouns and forms of address
Subject pronouns
| Form | Latin America (es-419) | Spain (es-ES) |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person singular | yo | yo |
| 2nd person singular | tú / vos | tú |
| 3rd person singular | él / ella / usted | él / ella / usted |
| 1st person plural | nosotros / nosotras | nosotros / nosotras |
| 2nd person plural | ustedes | vosotros / vosotras |
| 3rd person plural | ellos / ellas / ustedes | ellos / ellas / ustedes |
Spain uses vosotros/vosotras for informal plural “you” and ustedes for formal plural; Latin America uses ustedes for both.
Ways to say “you”
- tútúInformal singular “you”, used everywhere.
- vosvosInformal singular “you” in voseo regions of Latin America (Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Central America).
- ustedustedFormal singular “you”; takes third-person verb forms.
- vosotrosvosotrosInformal plural “you”, used in Spain.
- ustedesustedesPlural “you”: formal in Spain, formal and informal in Latin America; takes third-person plural forms.
Verb forms for each way of saying “you”
| Form | Present (presente) | Imperative (imperativo) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Latin America | Spain | Latin America | Spain | |
| tú | hablas | hablas | habla | habla |
| vos | hablás | — | hablá | — |
| usted | habla | habla | hable | hable |
| vosotros / vosotras | — | habláis | — | hablad |
| ustedes | hablan | hablan | hablen | hablen |
Reflexive pronouns
| Form | Reflexive pronoun |
|---|---|
| yo | me |
| tú | te |
| él / ella / usted | se |
| nosotros / nosotras | nos |
| vosotros / vosotras | os |
| ellos / ellas / ustedes | se |
Reflexive pronouns go before a conjugated verb (me llamo) and are attached to infinitives, gerunds and affirmative commands (llamarse, llamándose, llámate).
Forms checked: 45. Method: cells copied from the verified verb pages; pronouns checked against their Wiktionary entries.